C++ Recursion

Hi everyone, inside this article we will see about C++ Recursion.

Recursion is a technique in computer programming where a function calls itself in order to solve a problem. It’s a powerful technique that can be used to solve problems that can be broken down into smaller sub problems.

In C++, recursion is implemented by having a function call itself, typically with a different set of inputs, until it reaches a base case. The base case is the point at which the recursion stops and the function returns a result.

The syntax of C++ recursion involves defining a function that calls itself, typically with a different set of inputs, until it reaches a base case. The base case is the point at which the recursion stops and the function returns a result.

Here is the basic syntax for implementing recursion in C++:

int function_name(int n) {
  // Base case
  if (n == base_value) {
    return result;
  }
  // Recursive case
  else {
    return function_name(n - 1);
  }
}

In this example, the function function_name takes an argument n and checks if it is equal to the base value base_value. If n is equal to base_value, the function returns the result. If n is not equal to base_value, the function calls itself with a different value of n (in this case, n - 1), and the process repeats until the base case is reached.

Example

Here’s an example of a recursive function in C++ that calculates the factorial of a given number:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int factorial(int n)
{
    if (n == 0)
    {
        return 1;
    }
    else
    {
        return n * factorial(n - 1);
    }
}

int main()
{
    int num = 5;
    cout << "The factorial of " << num << " is " << factorial(num) << endl;
    return 0;
}

Output

The factorial of 5 is 120

Pictorial view of this above program.

We hope this article helped you to understand about C++ Recursion in a very detailed way.

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